PHARMACOLOGY: QUESTIONS BASED ON
SAMPLE DRUG CLASSIFICATION TABLES
DRUGS FOR TREATING HYPERTENSION
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Sympathetic Nervous System Agents
|
Drug Class |
Prototype |
Action |
| Central |
clonidine |
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α2 -agonist; causes decreased sympathetic outflow
|
| Peripheral |
guanethidine
|
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uptake by transmitter vesicles in nerve depletes & replaces norepinephrine in neurosecretory vesicles
|
| prazocin |
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α1-antagonist
|
| propranolol |
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β-antagonist
|
| Central & Peripheral |
reserpine |
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binds tightly to storage vesicles, which consequently lose their ability to concentrate & store norepinephrine
|
Vasodilators
|
Drug Class |
Prototype |
Action |
| Arterial |
hydralazine |
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unknown
|
| diazoxide |
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opens K+ channels & causes hyperpolarization of smooth muscle
|
| Arterial & Venous |
nitropusside |
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releases NO, which binds to guanylyl cyclase to generate cGMP
|
Ca++ Channel-Blockers
|
Prototype |
Action |
| nifedipine |
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Inhibits voltage-dependent "L-type" Ca++ channels
|
Ace Inhibitors
|
Prototype |
Action |
| catopril |
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Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
|
Diuretics
|
Drug Class |
Prototype |
Action |
| Thiazides (Benzothiadiazides) |
hydrochlorothiazide |
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Inhibits Na+ channels in luminal membrane in the proximal segment of the distal tubule
|
| Loop agents |
furosemide |
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Inhibits cotransporter of Na+, K+, Cl- in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
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