ANATOMY
Thorax - Cage and Lungs
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| Function | Muscles |
|---|---|
| -?-Inspiration | External intercostals, interchondral portion of internal intercostals, and the diaphragm |
| -?-Expiration | Internal intercostals proper, transverse thoracic, and abdominal muscles |
The anterior border of the left pleural cavity deviates
laterally between the 4th and -?-6th ribs to form the cardiac notch-a
preferred route for needed insertion into the pericardial cavity.
When upright, excess fluid tends to collect in the -?-Costodiaphragmatic recess.
Introduction of air into the pleural space results in -?-Pneumothorax
with loss of lung ventilation. Fluid or blood produce hydrothorax and
hemothorax, both of which limit -?-Expansion of the lung with reduced
ventilation/perfusion ratio.
The right mainstem bronchus is wider, shorter, and more
vertical than the left mainstem bronchus, and therefore is where large
aspirated objects commonly -?-lodge.
The right lower lobar bronchus is most vertical, most nearly
continues the direction of the trachea, and is larger in diameter than the
left, and therefore is where small aspirated objects commonly lodge, causing
-?-Segmental atelectasis.
A bronchopulmonary segment is defined by a segmental bronchus
and accompanying segmental artery that lie centrally, as well as by
intersegmental veins that form a -?-peripheral venus plexus.
Because the superior segmental bronchi of the
lower lobes are the most posterior and therefore dependent when the patient is
supine, they are most frequently involved in aspiration -?-Pneumonia (Mendelson's
syndrome).